Forced Convection: The most common mode of heat transfer is forced convection. A number of correlations have been developed for situations where fluid is flowing through pipes and annuli. These correlations are functions of Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr), and Graetz number (Gz) (see Tables 5.4 and 5.5). During computation of these numbers, the properties of the fluid are taken at bulk temperatures.